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GEM Icons by Kenneth Jennings
5 Jan 1991 (release 1.0)
=============================
Silicon Graphics Icons by Kenneth Jennings
19 Aug 91 (release 2.0)
==========================================
These files are property of Kenneth Jennings ©1991. They may
be freely distributed provided the following simple rules are
followed:
> The entire contents of the directories and this text file
remain intact and unmodified. [To protect against accidents
all the files have the Write and Delete bits turned off.]
> Your modified copies of these icons are yours to play with
and are not attributed to me.
Them's the rules. Now enjoy.
=============================================================
The Reason For GEM Icons
========================
A problem with many programs is that they come with monstrous,
gaudy icons making the average Amiga Workbench look like a
second grade photo collage. Different size icons using
bizarre color schemes create a cacophony of confusion on the
screen. The GEMmono and GEMcolr directories contain
collections of Tool, Project, Drawer, and Disk icons modeled
after the icons in the GEM windowing system. Before you start
disgorging your dinner at the sound of that three-letter word
consider that these icons have a consistent, professional look
about them which may lend an air of serious productivity to
the image of your Workbench. The icons were created using the
IconEdit (V36.23) program which comes with the Amiga Workbench
2.0. To use these icons you should have a program similar to
the Workbench 2.0 IconEdit program which can edit and save
eight (or more) color icons and/or you should be familiar
enough with the CLI to use the copy command to put the icons
wherever you want them to go.
It is important to consider the color schemes used by these
icons, because you will probably need to change the icons to
suit your environment. My Workbench is set up to use eight
colors. While the 2.0 Workbench can use up to 16 colors, the
overhead of extra CPU time to move four bit-planes (versus the
two bit-planes used by the old Workbench) of screen data
around and the extra DMA time to display those bit-planes can
make a 25MHz Amiga 3000 a tad bit pokey for more than routine
use - i.e. having more than eight or so directory, CLI, and
program windows open at once. Three bit-planes offer a
reasonable eight colors without quite as much CPU/DMA
overhead. The down side of eight (or more) colors is that the
icons in the Color directory will not look the way they should
in the old (pre 2.0) Workbench unless you have a program such
as ColorBench which can make the old WorkBench use more than
two bit-planes.
The color palette on my Workbench is loosely based on the
Chocolate presets in 2.0 and displays the following colors:
Color 0 - R=$A G=$9 B=$9 - light tan background
Color 1 - R=$2 G=$1 B=$1 - black text (window borders pre 2.0)
Color 2 - R=$E G=$D B=$D - white
Color 3 - R=$D G=$B B=$7 - pale yellow
Color 4 - R=$6 G=$5 B=$5 - grey
Color 5 - R=$D G=$2 B=$2 - red
Color 6 - R=$2 G=$D B=$2 - green
Color 7 - R=$2 G=$2 B=$D - blue
A 16 color palette file is located in this directory. The
name is palette16.pre and the first eight colors are set up
with my palette values. The rest of the colors are useful
shades if you want to edit the icons with a wider range of
colors.
The Workbench has three methods of presenting hi-lighted
(clicked-on) icons: Complement, BackFill, or Image.
Complement merely Exclusive-Ors the entire Icon image. While
this is very fast and easy for the CPU to do and also very
inexpensive on memory it can look rather ugly. BackFill
complements the colors in the icon excluding the background
color. This looks a tiny bit better than a simple complement.
Finally, Image displays an entirely different image for the
hi-lighted icon. This offers tremendous flexibility, because
you can color the hi-lighted image exactly the way you want it
to appear, or you could have an entirely different image
altogether. However, Image mode doubles the amount of memory
used for the Icon which increases the amount of time it takes
to load the images from relatively slow floppies.
The GEM icons are all presented in their correct types for the
Amiga Workbench. Icons ending in .Tool are Tool icons for
programs. Icons ending in .Proj are Project icons for data
files created by programs. There is also a Tool icon included
for the Preferences program. Plus, there is a Drawer icon
called Folder, and a Trashcan icon called Garbage. Finally,
I've made Disk icons for Floppy, Hard, and Ram disks. The
Disk icons won't be visible on the Workbench until they are
copied to disks. All the Tool and Project icons are the same
size. The Disk icons are the same as each other (slightly
shorter than the Tool and Project icons.) The Trashcan and
Drawer icons are the oddballs.
You are almost certainly going to want to modify these icons,
since they were created for my interlaced Workbench. Without
a multi-sync monitor and either a Microway Flicker Fixer or
the deinterlacer in the Amiga 3000 many of these icons will
flicker in interlaced mode. In 200 scan line mode they will
be rather tall, so you may like to double the width or edit it
to a smaller height with one of the Icon Editors described
earlier.
So What Is An Icon?
===================
What is an icon? For every icon that shows up in a Workbench
window there is an individual file which ends in the suffix
.info. This file contains the information for the icon. If a
file does not have an associated .info file, then nothing
appears on the Workbench. This is why you can be in the CLI,
or using a file requester and see a slew of file names, but
the Workbench display for the same directory may have only a
few icons. Remember, that the .info file (icon) is in the
same directory as the file it is associated with.
Part of the information in the .info file tells the Workbench
what kind of file the icon belongs to. If the .info
information tells the Workbench the associated file is a Tool
then the Workbench knows it can load and execute the file as a
program. Though, it's not very devastating if you
accidentally make a Tool icon for something such as a simple
text file, because the Amiga's loader routine itself is smart
enough to figure out the file is not executable and reports
this to the Workbench.
If the .info file is for a Project then part of the
information in the .info file tells the Workbench what program
needs to be run in order to load this file. This is called
the Default Tool. For instance, if you have a text file
produced by ProWrite then the .info file for it specifies
ProWrite as the Default Tool. When the text file icon is
double-clicked Workbench loads ProWrite and then passes the
name of the text file to ProWrite. Prowrite then loads the
file and displays it in one of its own windows.
The information in the Tool and Project icons also tell
Workbench how much memory to allocate for the program's stack.
The icons also contain ToolTypes - short text lines passed to
the program which allow you to customize the startup
configuration of the program. For example, some ToolTypes
specify what kind of custom screen a program should use, or
how big and where to open its first window. ToolTypes are
program specific, so you should consult a program's
documentation for this information.
Drawer icons are associated with directories. When you double
click on a Drawer icon Workbench opens a window, goes into the
directory and displays all the useable icon images found
there. The Trashcan icon is really just a modified Drawer.
You can double click on it to open it and look inside the
Trashcan directory, but you cannot drag the Trashcan inside of
other drawers. The Trashcan directory is the only one you can
perform Empty Trash on.
Disk icons are special. The icon is always the file named
Disk.info in the root directory of the disk. If the Disk.info
file is not in the root directory, Workbench displays an
internally generated default icon. Disk icons do have a
Default Tool, usually the program DiskCopy. The Default Tool
is invoked when you drag a disk icon over another disk's icon.
Double-clicking on a disk icon makes it behave like a drawer
icon - it opens a window and displays all the icons in the
root directory of the disk. So, if the Disk.info file is in
the root directory of the disk why don't you see the icon
twice - once on the Workbench screen and once in the disk's
window? Like I said, it's special. A disk icon will not be
displayed within a directory window. It only appears on the
Workbench screen. This is why the disk icons I created are
not visible in the directories. They must be copied to disks.
(Now you know why I said, "useable icon images" when
discussing drawers earlier.)
Finally, all the icons contain information telling Workbench
where it would like to appear on the screen. Workbench is
sloppy with Tools, Projects, and Drawers. You can put the
anywhere, even overlap them. In the case of Disk icons the
location is treated as a suggestion. Workbench reads the
Disk.info files when it starts up and whenever a new floppy is
inserted. If the position information conflicts with a Disk
icon already present, Workbench finds an empty place to put
the icon. The Disk, Drawer, and Trashcan icons also contain
information telling Workbench where and how big to open the
windows. When you use Snapshot on an icon all this
information is updated.
How To Use The Icons
====================
First, if you want to make changes to the Color icon images to
suit your tastes you will need an Icon Editor capable of
handling eight color icons. Any old Icon Editor should do
fine for the Black and White icons. (The Icon Editors are
also helpful, because they tend to use file requesters which
will facilitate copying the icons around.) If you want to use
the images as-is then you can just use the CLI to copy them
around.
Projects and Tools: If you are replacing an already existing
icon then you should select the old icon (single click) and
choose Info on the Workbench menu. Write down the important
stuff - Stack Size, ToolTypes, and for the Project icons
you'll need to know the Default Tool. If you are making an
icon for a Project that does not have an icon then you should
find another previously existing Project icon (belonging to
the proper Tool) and get the pertinent information from that
icon. Disks, Drawers, and the Trashcan are not quite so
involved.
Once you've determined the information about the icon, in the
CLI you'll need to copy the icon from my collection to the
proper destination and reset some protection bits, and then
back in the Workbench change the Icon information,
positioning, and (if applicable) the window size and
placement. For demonstration purposes I'll show how to add a
Project icon to a generic text file, so the file can be used
in ProWrite by clicking on the icon. We'll say that my
collection of icons is in the floppy drive DF0:, the text file
is somewhere in the floppy drive DF1:.
Go to the CLI/Shell (whatever you like.)
Now we're going to use the black and white Word Processing
Project icon in my collection and copy it to the same
directory where the text file is and use the appropriate name.
The file, TextFile, is located in DF1:Work/Docs.
COPY DF0:Icons/GEMmono/WordProcessor.Proj.info TO
DF1:Work/Docs/TextFile.info (Enter all of this on one line)
Now, if you type LIST DF1:Work/Docs/TextFile.info you will see
that the file has some protection bits turned off - the Write
and Delete bits to be specific. (You'll also notice my
FileNote announcing ownership is no longer with the file.
Once copied, the icon is yours to edit - just never modify or
take credit for my originals.)
In order to use the Workbench Snapshot and Info to update the
icon's information we have to put those two protection bits
back, so type:
PROTECT DF1:Work/Docs/TextFile.info +WD
Now back to the Workbench. Open the drawer DF1:Work/Docs. If
the drawer was already opened, you'll have to close the window
then open the drawer again, so Workbench can load the icon
image. Alternatively, if you are blessed with Workbench 2.0
then click in the window and then select Update from the
Window menu.
Click once on the icon (you may have to scroll the window
around to find it) and choose the Info option from the Window.
ProWrite Projects have a Stack size of 4096. Next, fill in
the Default Tool specifying the full path and file name for
the ProWrite program. If you're smart you've ASSIGNed the
ProWrite: volume name to the ProWrite program directory in
your Startup-Sequence, so all you need to use for the Default
Tool is ProWrite:ProWrite.
Click on the Info Requester's Save gadget, and then move the
icon where you want it to go and use the Snapshot menu option.
Ta-Dah. That's it. The other icon types follow the same
procedures. The Tool Icon may need to have new Stack and
ToolTypes added with the Workbench Info. If you have problems
with using Snapshot or Info it probably means the icon file's
write/delete protection bits have not been reset. In order to
get an alternate icon to show up for the RamDisk, you need to
copy the .info icon file to RAM:Disk.info prior to invoking
LoadWB in the Startup-Sequence. Finally, keep in mind that if
you modify the RAM disk icon position or window placement you
will need to save the Disk.info file back to where it came
from so that it can be recopied the next time you reboot.
Black & White Icons - GEMmono
=============================
These icons are actually four color icons, two of the colors
simply aren't used for anything (OK, one of the 'unused'
colors is really used, since it's the Workbench background
color). They use the BackFill method of hi-lighting, so that
the black lines on the white icon becomes white lines on a
black icon.
Color Icons - GEMcolr
=====================
These are eight color icons. Well, mostly eight color icons.
Not all the icons use all eight colors. The icons use the
Image fill method. This gives the icon designer the most
control over what colors are present when the icon is hi-
lighted. The unselected image of all icons is a simple black
outline filled with the background color. When hi-lighted,
the Project icons merely fill the inside of the outline with
white. (This would kind of make the Project icons black and
white, since they use only three colors including the
background color.) The Tool icons fill with white and some
components of the black image inside the icon will be colored.
Now you're saying, "You call that color! You weenie! You
fraud! You Trameil devotee in Amigoid clothing!!" Well, the
reason a 16 color Windows, GEM, or Presentation Manager screen
looks sharp and professional while a standard four color Amiga
Workbench looks like murder in Toontown is due to a couple
things. Consistency: Most of those IBM windowing systems use
similarly sized (usually small) icons placed predictably on
the screen. Color: When icons use color, they use it
predictably and prudently. While there are 16 (possibly more)
colors available, rarely is the entire palette used in an
icon. A few colors used just to hi-light important details
protect the IBM windowing environments from looking like comic
books.
The problem with the Amiga is that it is just too darned
flexible. For instance, Icon Master will let you create the
largest possible icon the system will allow: 320x100 pixels.
That's positively HUGE!! (The Amiga is reallllly flexible.
In many DOS windowing systems there is no representative .info
file. Instead, the windowing system forces hard-coded icon
images on the user based on the filename's three character
extension.) While it may be interesting that the Amiga is
able to do it, you really shouldn't try. A typical Amiga
Workbench has monster icons on it with clashing color schemes.
This is why, despite the power and flexibility offered by the
Amiga, an IBM user can look at the Amiga screen and declare
(with complete honesty) that the Amiga must be a toy, because
that is what they see.
Keep these things in mind when you make your own icons.
Normally, my rules are to keep icons roughly square, and not
much more than 30 pixels in either direction. If the finished
.info file is bigger than 1K (2 disk blocks) [this is for
icons on a hard disk - for icons on a floppy I try to keep the
icons smaller than 488 bytes (1 disk block)] then work on
making the icon image smaller. Be consistent with the way the
image is drawn and with where you put the icon in its window.
A little discipline and organization go a long, long way.
Silicon Graphics Color Icons - SGcolr
=====================================
The SG Icon collection is based on the icons used by a Silicon
Graphics Personal Iris Workstation I once saw. The icons
follow a common theme of sitting on a platform turned at an
angle to the viewer. The effect is rather nice. The icons
are small and were meant to be used in hi-res interlaced mode
on my Amiga 3000. I made generic icons for rendering
programs, desktop publishing, and paint programs. There are
also some new icons for SAS/C 5.10 and another one for the CD
ROM utility included with the XETEC CD ROM. Also in the
directory is an IFF brush of the basic platform to sit the
images on. Included is a set of other icons I created after
2.0 arrived. (Browser, CacheEdit, Pool, etc...) I simply
cleaned up the color schemes to make them presentable on the
Workbench. Some have found these extra icons useful, so
they're added to the collection.
Silicon Graphics Black & White - SGmono
=======================================
These are simply quick-and-dirty black-and-white versions of
the color icons. I made them in one afternoon. Fire up a
four or two color workbench on your 3000 and embarrass the
fool up the street with his pathetic, overpriced, under-
performing Mac. (Even I was stunned with how fast the 3000
looks when you denigrate Amiga Workbench to the level of Mac
Finder.) (Did you know the Mac System 7 is only useful [i.e.
will allow productive multitasking] if you have the OS
installed on a hard drive and you have 4 Meg of RAM. It's
copy protected, too. (So I'm told by an unfortunate Mac
owner.) Thus a Mac with 4 Meg RAM, and a hard disk is roughly
equivalent to an Amiga 500 with 1 Meg RAM, and a couple
floppies. What some people will do to make their toys behave
more like Amigas.)
List-O-Files In The Directories
===============================
Directory "Ken:Icons/GEMmono" on Monday 19-Aug-91
Accounting.Proj.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:13:58
Accounting.Tool.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:13:45
DataBase.Proj.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:13:58
DataBase.Tool.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:13:44
Draw.Proj.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:13:30
Draw.Tool.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:14:03
Education.Proj.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:13:47
Education.Tool.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:13:25
Floppy.Disk.info 376 ----rwed Today 19:14:05
Folder.info 448 ----rwed Today 19:13:26
Game.Proj.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:14:04
Game.Tool.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:13:51
Garbage.info 352 ----rwed Today 19:13:28
Generic.Proj.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:13:27
Generic.Tool.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:14:01
Graph.Proj.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:13:37
Graph.Tool.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:14:09
Hard.Disk.info 376 ----rwed Today 19:14:00
MultiFunction.Tool.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:13:46
MultiFuntion.Proj.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:13:48
Outline.Proj.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:13:41
Outline.Tool.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:14:11
Paint.Proj.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:13:36
Paint.Tool.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:14:07
Preferences.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:13:50
Programming.Proj.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:13:35
Programming.Tool.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:14:06
Project.Proj.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:13:29
Project.Tool.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:14:02
Publish.Proj.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:13:52
Publish.Tool.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:13:33
RamDisk.Disk.info 376 ----rwed Today 19:13:38
Spreadsheet.Proj.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:13:54
Spreadsheet.Tool.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:13:40
TeleCom.Proj.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:13:56
TeleCom.Tool.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:13:43
WordProcessor.Proj.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:13:53
WordProcessor.Tool.info 314 ----rwed Today 19:13:34
Directory "Ken:Icons/GEMcolr" on Monday 19-Aug-91
Accounting.Proj.info 550 ----rwed Today 19:16:02
Accounting.Tool.info 766 ----rwed Today 19:15:56
DataBase.Proj.info 550 ----rwed Today 19:16:02
DataBase.Tool.info 766 ----rwed Today 19:15:54
Draw.Proj.info 550 ----rwed Today 19:15:42
Draw.Tool.info 766 ----rwed Today 19:16:06
Education.Proj.info 550 ----rwed Today 19:15:58
Education.Tool.info 766 ----rwed Today 19:15:39
Floppy.Disk.info 780 ----rwed Today 19:16:07
Folder.info 756 ----rwed Today 19:15:41
Game.Proj.info 550 ----rwed Today 19:16:07
Game.Tool.info 766 ----rwed Today 19:15:58
Garbage.info 756 ----rwed Today 19:15:42
Generic.Proj.info 550 ----rwed Today 19:15:41
Generic.Tool.info 550 ----rwed Today 19:16:05
Graph.Proj.info 550 ----rwed Today 19:15:51
Graph.Tool.info 766 ----rwed Today 19:16:10
Hard.Disk.info 780 ----rwed Today 19:16:06
MultiFunction.Proj.info 550 ----rwed Today 19:16:04
MultiFunction.Tool.info 766 ----rwed Today 19:15:57
Outline.Proj.info 550 ----rwed Today 19:15:52
Outline.Tool.info 766 ----rwed Today 19:16:10
Paint.Proj.info 550 ----rwed Today 19:15:50
Paint.Tool.info 766 ----rwed Today 19:16:09
Preferences.info 766 ----rwed Today 19:15:58
Programming.Proj.info 550 ----rwed Today 19:15:48
Programming.Tool.info 766 ----rwed Today 19:16:08
Project.Proj.info 550 ----rwed Today 19:15:41
Project.Tool.info 550 ----rwed Today 19:16:06
Publish.Proj.info 550 ----rwed Today 19:15:59
Publish.Tool.info 766 ----rwed Today 19:15:47
RamDisk.Disk.info 780 ----rwed Today 19:15:52
Spreadsheet.Proj.info 550 ----rwed Today 19:16:00
Spreadsheet.Tool.info 766 ----rwed Today 19:15:51
TeleCom.Proj.info 550 ----rwed Today 19:16:01
TeleCom.Tool.info 766 ----rwed Today 19:15:53
WordProcessor.Proj.info 550 ----rwed Today 19:16:00
WordProcessor.Tool.info 766 ----rwed Today 19:15:48
Directory "Ken:Icons/SGmono" on Monday 19-Aug-91
.a.info 341 ----rwed Today 19:19:12
.c.info 341 ----rwed Today 19:19:08
.h.info 341 ----rwed Today 19:19:09
.lmk.info 341 ----rwed Today 19:19:04
Blanker.info 408 ----rwed Today 19:18:38
Book.info 326 ----rwed Today 19:18:02
Browser.info 474 ----rwed Today 19:18:45
C.build.info 344 ----rwed Today 19:19:06
C.options.info 356 ----rwed Today 19:19:05
CD_drive.info 373 ----rwed Today 19:18:07
CacheEdit.info 342 ----rwed Today 19:18:27
Calc.info 353 ----rwed Today 19:18:32
ClipMap.info 238 ----rwed Today 19:18:50
Clock.info 403 ----rwed Today 19:18:08
Compiler.info 326 ----rwed Today 19:18:37
Data.info 277 ----rwed Today 19:18:41
Debug.info 335 ----rwed Today 19:18:49
Demo.info 322 ----rwed Today 19:18:22
DoIt!.info 380 ----rwed Today 19:18:25
Drawer.info 388 ----rwed Today 19:18:44
Dumpster.info 444 ----rwed Today 19:18:33
ED.info 340 ----rwed Today 19:18:56
FDisk.info 388 --p-rwed Today 19:18:00
HDisk.info 397 ----rwed Today 19:18:57
IFontTool.info 326 ----rwed Today 19:19:02
InterFont.info 359 ----rwed Today 19:19:00
LSE.info 341 ----rwed Today 19:19:13
MRBackup.info 386 ----rwed Today 19:18:17
MakeFont.info 326 ----rwed Today 19:18:09
More.info 330 ----rwed Today 19:18:59
Music.info 326 ----rwed Today 19:18:18
NoDemo.info 322 ----rwed Today 19:18:29
Paint.info 348 ----rwed Today 19:18:21
Platform.info 330 ----rwed Today 19:18:16
Pool.info 234 ----rwed Today 19:18:53
Prefs.info 388 ----rwed Today 19:18:47
Program.info 326 ----rwed Today 19:18:15
Project.info 380 ----rwed Today 19:18:52
Publish.info 326 ----rwed Today 19:18:01
RDisk.info 397 ----rwed Today 19:18:36
Recon.info 326 ----rwed Today 19:18:30
RecoverED.info 340 ----rwed Today 19:18:05
RedBook.info 326 ----rwed Today 19:18:10
Render.info 335 ----rwed Today 19:18:13
SetFonts.info 340 ----rwed Today 19:18:58
Shell.info 354 ----rwed Today 19:18:19
Source.info 343 ----rwed Today 19:18:03
Stars.info 386 ----rwed Today 19:18:11
TeleCom.info 330 ----rwed Today 19:18:39
Tool.Icon.info 310 ----rwed Today 19:18:51
Tool.info 330 ----rwed Today 19:18:43
Trace.info 281 ----rwed Today 19:18:35
Video.info 330 ----rwed Today 19:18:31
View.info 326 ----rwed Today 19:18:46
VirusX.info 344 ----rwed Today 19:18:24
X11R4.info 378 ----rwed Today 19:18:23
Directory "Ken:Icons/SGcolr" on Monday 19-Aug-91
.a.info 757 ----rwed Today 19:21:19
.c.info 757 ----rwed Today 19:21:01
.h.info 757 ----rwed Today 19:21:15
.lmk.info 757 ----rwed Today 19:20:52
Blanker.info 824 ----rwed Today 19:21:03
Book.info 742 ----rwed Today 19:20:30
Browser.info 826 ----rwed Today 19:21:11
C.build.info 760 ----rwed Today 19:20:59
C.options.info 772 ----rwed Today 19:20:52
CD_drive.info 789 ----rwed Today 19:20:33
CacheEdit.info 790 ----rwed Today 19:20:54
Calc.info 769 ----rwed Today 19:20:56
ClipMap.info 478 ----rwed Today 19:21:18
Clock.info 819 ----rwed Today 19:20:35
Compiler.info 742 ----rwed Today 19:21:00
Data.info 373 ----rwed Today 19:21:06
Debug.info 751 ----rwed Today 19:21:17
Demo.info 670 ----rwed Today 19:20:46
DoIt!.info 796 ----rwed Today 19:20:52
Drawer.info 804 ----rwed Today 19:21:09
Dumpster.info 972 ----rwed Today 19:20:58
ED.info 756 ----rwed Today 19:21:21
FDisk.info 804 --p-rwed Today 19:20:28
HDisk.info 832 --p-rwed Today 19:21:21
IFontTool.info 742 ----rwed Today 19:20:50
InterFont.info 775 ----rwed Today 19:20:42
LSE.info 757 ----rwed Today 19:21:25
MRBackup.info 802 ----rwed Today 19:20:40
MakeFont.info 742 ----rwed Today 19:20:35
More.info 746 ----rwed Today 19:21:24
Music.info 742 ----rwed Today 19:20:41
NoDemo.info 670 ----rwed Today 19:20:54
Paint.info 764 ----rwed Today 19:20:43
Platform.b.info 338 ----rwed Today 19:21:10
Platform.info 746 ----rwed Today 19:20:39
Pool.info 474 ----rwed Today 19:21:20
Prefs.info 804 ----rwed Today 19:21:17
Program.info 742 ----rwed Today 19:20:38
Project.info 796 ----rwed Today 19:21:19
Publish.info 742 ----rwed Today 19:20:29
RDisk.info 813 --p-rwed Today 19:21:00
Recon.info 742 ----rwed Today 19:20:54
RecoverED.info 756 ----rwed Today 19:20:31
RedBook.info 742 ----rwed Today 19:20:26
Render.info 751 ----rwed Today 19:20:37
SetFonts.info 756 ----rwed Today 19:21:22
Shell.info 770 ----rwed Today 19:20:42
Source.info 759 ----rwed Today 19:20:31
Stars.info 802 ----rwed Today 19:20:36
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The Future
==========
I've begun working on a new set of icons which uses a 16 color
palette - all shades of grey excluding just one register for
color. The purpose you ask? Well, imagine a 16 color
Workbench with one color to indicate the selected window.
What could you do with 15 shades of grey? What do you get
when you cross Impulse's Imagine, ASDG's Art Department
Professional, and the Amiga Workbench 2.0?? You would have
grey scale, photo-realistic icons on the Amiga Workbench.
That's without a high-resolution, eight bitplane, graphics
board and without having to wait for the programmers at
Commodore to allow the Amiga to present the Workbench on
third-party graphics devices. Of course, when that does
happen, I could just re-trace it all in color... Anyway,
check out the samples in the Future drawer. The necessary
palette file is included in the directory.
Some helpful hints: These icons were designed utilizing the
peculiarities of the Commodore 1950 multisync monitor. (Does
anyone else out there have a problem with jitter when it's
cold?) Most multisync type monitors don't allow manual
control over the width and height of the screen while the 1950
does. My monitor's width and height are adjusted so that
pixels on a 640x400 [high-res, interlaced display] are
perfectly square. This is terrific for doing desktop
publishing stuff, and it means these ray-traced, 40x40 pixel
(the maximum height of icons in 2.0's IconEdit) icons, also
are square. If you're using a normal composite type monitor
the icons will be slightly taller than wide. Though, these
icons won't flicker much, since the grey scales tend to blend
nicely.
And another thing... We're pushing the performance limits
here with a four bitplane Workbench screen. This is a lot of
data to be shuffling around. With a dozen windows open, a
25MHz A3000 starts to behave like an IBM on Windows. There's
just so much the '030 can do when Denise and Agnes are sucking
up all the DMA time. (Even when considering the A3000 has 32-
bit access to chip RAM.) If you're using an overscan
Workbench (like I normally do) of about 704x480 pixels, you
can speed up the Workbench noticeably by adjusting the Text
Overscan Prefs down to minimal 640x200/400 resolution. In the
Screen Mode Prefs don't set the screen size to default.
Instead, set it to the original overscan size you were using.
Now, the Workbench is still as big as it was before - you
simply have to scroll the screen a bit to see it all. What
you just did was to reduce the DMA time that Denise steals
from the 030, because the Workbench is no longer being
displayed as overscan. Agnes, on the other hand, is still
using as much DMA as before, but since it only uses that time
when it has to change things on the screen that extra time
isn't noticeable until you get a lot of windows on the screen,
or are scrolling text in the Shell.
Speaking of which... In the Shell try to use colors 0, 1, 2,
or 4 for the window background color and text. (0 for the
background and 1 for the text is the default, anyway.) I
learned the hard way that this will keep scrolling as clean as
possible. Why, you ask? If you're using color 1 for text, it
takes only 1 bitplane of data to display those pixels. One
block move by Agnes scrolls the data for the text in the
window, and while block moves on the other three bitplanes
occur, they do nothing visible in the window. If you use
color 3 for text and color 7 for the window background each
block move will change the integrity of the pixel information
in the bitplanes. Each block move scrolls one bitplane which
leaves the data out of sync - part of the bitplane information
for a given line of text is displayed in one line of the
window, while the previously scrolled information is displayed
one line higher. This causes a very ugly 'shimmering' when
text scrolls. (Sorry, but there's not much that can be done
about the speed. Perhaps someday when a TI 34020 become part
of the standard equipment. Don't feel bad, the Sun
Sparcstation 1+ in my office scrolls slow, too.)
A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away...
============================================
No! No! No! Wrong story, silly. But now that I've got you
here...
Once, during late 1980, Ken Jennings was seated in Marquette
University High School's accelerated algebra class. In rather
short order, it became obvious to him that he would be
hopelessly outmatched by the class. However, around the
classroom sat things he's never seen before. Things bearing
the monikers, "PET" and "Apple I". During class the teacher
said the students were free to come back during lunch and
after school to use these things. "Just a glorified
calculator.", thought Ken, rather smugly. Thirty minutes into
lunch hour he had to leave in disgust (and disgrace) after
accidentally formatting someone else's floppy disk. Thus
began the legend...
Not one to let any stupid machine best him, he slaved away at
a paper route in order to afford his very own computer. "To
beat them one must learn about them.", he thought. He took
advantage of every opportunity to learn about every computer
available: VIC-20s, PETs, TRS-80s, Apples, and Ataris. He
used his friends' computers. He read magazines and books on
his own. He took all the classes (both of them) the high
school had to offer. Finally, he made his choice and bought
his first computer; a power-graphics computer - an Atari 800,
48K RAM (which everyone insisted he'd never be able to use),
and a speedy 410 cassette recorder - for a mere $850. A deal
at the time, since the next closest mail order price was
roughly $1000.
He typed in programs from magazines, only to discover they
wouldn't run as printed. So, he fixed them. And then
improved them. He learned assembly language - without an
assembler. He converted assembly code to pages of hex numbers
and then converted those to decimal values and then typed them
in as DATA statements - all by hand. He joined the Milwaukee
Area Atari User Group and wrote games for their public domain
library. He found it great fun to take dull Commodore and
Apple programs and then pump modified display lists and
display list interrupts into them on the Atari.
Then 1983 rolled around and he first heard about the Amiga
corporation and the Lorraine. A bunch of Atari wizards had
defected and formed their own company. What's more is that
all the Atari magazines and some multi-platform magazines were
calling this new machine "The Next Generation Atari". Ken
hadn't seen one, but he knew he had to have one. After
college, maybe...
In early 1985, unable to afford more than six months at North
Central College, Naperville, Illinois, he was forced to become
unemployed in a most untimely manner. At least he had been
able to teach himself C and UNIX (in addition to the normal
Intro To Computers For Morons 101 classes he was forced to
take) on his own time using the school's VAX 11/780.
Milwaukee, he found, was not the best place in the world to be
a programmer with a high-school diploma and roughly a
bachelors equivalent in five years of self-taught, year-round,
continuous computer science. In fact, after several limiting
and dead-end jobs (only one related to computers - too bad
that company went belly up, since they did use Amigas) he
decided that Milwaukee was the consummate technological black-
hole. He tried writing for a while, and even got a big
article published in the April 1987 Computer Shopper. But,
there were bills to pay. So, he joined the Air Force.
As the only person in a room of twenty to pass the Air Force
EDPT required to become a programmer, he knew he was destined
for big things. In Programming Tech School he achieved honor
graduate status - rare for a pipeline student straight from
Basic Training. Where would he go? What would he do?
Kirtland, AFB - Computer Programming Central for weapons
testing and development? There was even a base right in
Silicon Valley! You can be sure these nifty places and other
choice spots were on his dream sheet. Then he discovered why
they use the term, "Dream", to describe those sheets. As a
non-volunteer for overseas duty he was sent to Ramstein AB,
Germany.
Depending on who you talk to, his current job could be
described using any (or all) of the following: Command
Intelligence Systems Software Development Programming
Technician. Basically, he writes software to support the
Intelligence gathering branch of the US Air Force in Europe.
He's worked with IBM mainframes, doing database development
and conversions. He's worked with UNIX workstations custom
designed for the military. He's currently engaged in
programming and user support of PCs and VAX micro-hosts on a
classified, X.25 packet switching network which ranges from
the UK to Turkey.
He owns a 3000 - bought mail order the day they were sent to
the dealers. (He was the second person to get his from that
particular dealer.) Now, there is roughly $12,000 invested in
the ultimate Amiga 3000. 10Meg of RAM, a JX-100 scanner,
XETEC CD ROM, a Hewlett-Packard LaserJet III, 200 Meg Hard
Disk, thousands of dollars of graphics software. He is
president and newsletter editor for one Amiga User Group, a
member of a second, and a member of NCGA. His current Amiga
hobbies involve programming, ray-tracing, graphics, multi-
media, desktop publishing, and contemplating the questions:
"When can I get a 68040?" and "Why do IBM and MAC users put up
with so much drivel?"
His pet peeves include ugly user interfaces (which explains why
he's not [purposely] used the Amiga Workbench 1.3 since July
16, 1990) and computer piracy. His philosophy is that
software worth having is software worth paying for. With this
in mind he's formed the un-official organization: ESP -
Emasculate Software Pirates (because people stupid enough to
steal software shouldn't be teaching their lack of values to
children.)
Jan 14, 1993 he will be released to the civilian world with
six years of real-world programming experience behind him
which includes manning a technical help line and (the
apparently rare skill of) writing end-user documentation.
Also, with a roughly eight year, near zealous commitment to
the high-performance graphics platform known as "Amiga" he
hopes to become an integral part of a respectable company
producing Amiga products. (If there's a developer near
Milwaukee he'd appreciate hearing about it.) Or, any job that
will let him continue buying more toys for his Amiga will be
more than acceptable.
The author is available for comment
or consultation via the following:
===================================
The Intrepid Postal System
Sgt Kenneth Jennings
1856 CSGP
PSC 2, Box 6489
APO AE 09012
MILNET
hqusciip@ramstein.af.mil
(Theoretically, you could get me here from ARPAnet, or so they
tell me...)
Phone from US - Hours listed are Central European Time
Home: 011-49-6371-17557 1600-2200
Work: 011-49-6371-47-2826 0700-1600
Or 011-49-6371-43057 0800-1600
Fax: 011-49-6371-43057 1800-0800
-= FINITO =-
============